PRKAA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL7402 and SMMC7721 cells, the administration of doxorubicin strongly promoted the expression and translocation of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) which further triggered protective autophagy and impeded apoptosis induction via activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway [174].