ZMYM2 and periodontal disorder: The pathogenicity of E. coli during periodontal disease is unknown, however it could contribute to the disease due to its multiple virulence-associated factors, including adhesin-coding genes (fim, afaI, sfa, iha, tsh, papC, papGI, II, and III) that favor the colonization and formation of biofilms, toxins (cnf1, hlyA, set-1, astA, vat, usp, and cva/cvi), iron acquisition systems (iroN, irp2, and iuc), and protectin genes (kpsMT, ompT, and iss), and the horizontal transfer of many of these genes between bacteria occurs via pathogenicity-associated islands (PAIs) [5,6].