Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is still the most common chronic autoimmune disease in young patients–diagnosed mainly in children and adolescents–and is characterized by the loss of pancreatic β cells; as a result, the body becomes insulin deficient and hyperglycemic, expressing a “classic” trio of symptoms: polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria [7]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.