TNF and colitis: Lee et al. [42] evaluated the effects of berberine, a bioactive compound richly encountered in the rhizome of Coptidis japonica, in TNBS-induced C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice models of colitis and found that the treated mice presented deactivation of the NF-kB due to reductions in the TLR4 expression, NF-kB phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation, as well as increases in antioxidant SOD and Catalase (CAT) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 expressions, in addition to decreases in pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 expressions.