HMOX1 and colitis: Yang et al. [47] conducted both an in vitro and in vivo study with LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro and DSS-induced ICR mice model of colitis and showed that geniposide, a bioactive compound richly found in gardenia fruit, promoted NF-kB inhibition due to diminished p-NF-kBp65 and p-IκBα expression; the cells presented decreased expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS but increased expression levels of SOD, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase (HO-1).