In other leukemia cell models, curcumin treatment resulted in decreased expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Akt, NF-κB targets, while inducing apoptosis through inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and overexpression of pro-apoptotic Bim protein. Here, STAT3 is linked to leukemia.