This dichotomy in responses to diet induced ketosis in diabetic animals highlights the fine line between physiological ketosis which serves to decrease insulin requirements, alleviate hyperglycemia, and supplement the brain and other extrahepatic tissues with an additional energy source at the time of scarcity, such as hypoglycemia, and pathological ketonemia (ketoacidosis) associated with profound insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hypoglycemia.