IL6 and infection: The increased levels of TNFα and IL-6 have even more implications: lower recruitment of macrophages, a higher threshold of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which can minimize the clearance of bacteria and viruses and, in addition, two studies conducted by Ishigami et al. in 2019 and 2020 concluded that TNFα, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) are directly correlated with the risk of hospitalization for major infections, including UTIs [5,7].