Ethnic differences have been reported for diabetic nephropathy, particularly in Pima Indians [4], and for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in patients of African descent, who have higher frequencies of the FSGS-predisposing APOL1 G1 and G2 haplotypes, which on the other hand confer advantages against the sleeping sickness-causing parasite—Trypanosoma brucei brucei [9]. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.