To determine the efficacy of treatments, kidney volume, kidney-weight-to-body-weight ratio, urine/plasma biomarkers (creatinine, urea nitrogen, L-FABP, etc.), renal cAMP concentrations, and/or histopathological indices (fibrosis index, cyst area, cell proliferation index, and target protein distribution) are important outcome indicators. Here, FABP1 is linked to cyst.