TGFB1 and heart failure: The ROS released by cardiac fibroblasts in response to TGF-β exposure may induce MMP activation, which in turn regulates collagen turnover during ECM remodeling in cardiac fibroblasts; however, different processes are suppressed in altered cardiac remodeling, and oxidative stress would seem to have a critical role in the mechanisms that result in fibrosis and heart failure [38,39].