TNF and Sepsis: Among them, macrophages play an important role throughout all stages of sepsis progression, mainly via the oversecretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, as well as other inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins, which ultimately aggravate systemic injury, producing immune collapse [7].