TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In this context, it is interesting to mention that a link between ALS-related TDP-43 pathology and HIV infection seems to be consistent with the re-activation of human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K), indicating that the mechanisms behind TDP-43 dysfunction and neuronal inflammation are similar in both ALS and retroviral pathology [49,50].