In particular, it has been demonstrated that TDP-43 silencing is capable of upregulating ICAM-1 mRNA expression in neuronal-like cells, as well as that the knockout of ICAM-1 in mice can confer resistance of encephalitis related to WNV infection, by diminishing viral load, leukocyte infiltration, and neuronal damage with respect to control animals [99,104]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and viral encephalitis.