Complementing a conventional ‘gold standard’ method in epilepsy research—electroencephalography (EEG) — to register epileptic spikes in both larval and adult zebrafish [94], useful physiological biomarkers of epilepsy-related neuronal activation include assessing brain expression of early proto-oncogenes (e.g., c-fos, c-jun and egr1) in zebrafish brain [95]. This evidence concerns the gene FOS and epilepsy.