Our previous studies also revealed the neuroprotective effects of the soluble p-selectin, through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/Nqo-1 pathway, in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy [56], and intravitreal injection of long-acting, pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor also upregulated the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 expression to provide neuroprotective effects in a TON model [57]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.