TGFBR1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, the expression of TGF-β receptor 1 (Tgfbr1) and Smad3 was also increased in the WAT of HFD-induced obese mice, and adipocyte-specific deletion of Tgfbr1 promoted browning and protected against obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis [193].