Interestingly, although C1QBP has been reported to modulate cell adhesion and migration in renal cell cancer by regulating the cell adhesion molecule L1CAM via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway [51], and promote metastasis in pancreatic cancer via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway [52], both pathways were not identified from the bioinformatics analysis in the present study. Here, IGF1 is linked to renal cell adenocarcinoma.