In the most recently reported SWOG S1801 randomized study of neo-adjuvant anti-PD-1 blockade, followed by surgery and further adjuvant anti-PD-1, versus adjuvant anti-PD-1 alone in stage III melanoma, recurrence-free survival was 72% at 2 years with the neo-adjuvant approach compared to 49% with adjuvant only treatment [53]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is melanoma.