Current standards in adjuvant/metastatic setting. In advanced/metastatic melanoma, which mainly encompasses unresectable stage III and stage IV disease (excluding patients with brain metastases), the most recently mature data show that treatment with a combination of anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-1 (ipilimumab/nivolumab) confers a median overall survival of 72 months, which is almost double that of nivolumab monotherapy (36.9 months) and certainly incomparably superior to that of ipilimumab monotherapy (19.9 months) [12]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is metastatic melanoma.