PTEN and neoplasm: Even the overexpression of FRA-1 can promote tumor dissemination due to its possible role in EMT-like processes and metastatic spreading [3,4,18,84], but it does not likely play a role in tested GBM cells as indicated by unaltered IR-stress-induced FRA-1 expression in irradiated compared to non-irradiated GBM cells irrespectively of their PTEN status (Figure 8d).