Clinical studies have recognized Neurofilament Light chain protein (NfL), a structural component of the axonal cytoskeleton, as a promising biomarker for several neurodegenerative diseases, including mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [39,40]. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and neurodegenerative disease.