Therefore, according to the data explained in this review, beneficial preventive or therapeutic approaches for both obesity and glaucoma may involve rebalancing microbiome dysbiosis, which is one of the trigger causes of inflammation, or directly intervening with anti-inflammatory drugs that can regulate key components (such as TLR4) of the proinflammatory processes underlying both diseases. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.