LV relaxation and contraction are mediated with cytosolic Ca2+ handling and the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the involvement of modulation of key genes, including Ryr2, Atp2a, Pnl and NCX [50,51], which were all significantly modulated via STZ-induced DM, in the T1DM model in particular. This evidence concerns the gene ATP2A1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.