In addition, a wide range of endogenous TLR activators, such as heat shock protein and HMGB1, have been observed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in the non-inflammatory synovium of patients with normal joints or osteoarthritis (OA) [101,102,103]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.