We demonstrated that AIF-1 enhanced the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to the toxic effect of doxorubicin as a consequence of the inhibition of the efflux function of ABCB1, and consistently, we showed that the co-administration of AIF-1 with doxorubicin in a model of xenograft inhibited tumor growth without further toxicity compared to doxorubicin alone. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and neoplasm.