Indeed, alpha-1-antitrypsin not only can protect the lung from damages such as emphysema by inhibiting neutrophilic elastase (anti-inflammation role) but can also block SARS-CoV-2 infection through the inhibition of a protease involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells (transmembrane protease serine-type 2-TMPRSS2), thus exerting an antiviral action [46,47]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and pulmonary emphysema.