TNF and hypertensive disorder: The cytokines reported as increased in PO patients with CKD notably TNFα, and proinflammatory cytokines are known to be involved in kidney damage in different models: IL 8 is involved in pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis [89], IL 17 is associated with kidney damage from hypertension [90], and TNFα participates in disease progression and contributes to renal inflammatory response in glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy [91].