In a previous study [20] the authors compared the expression of the melatonin-synthesizing enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1), arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) in the colonic mucosa and urinary excretion of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in patients with UC and lymphocytic colitis (LC). Here, TPH1 is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.