A shift towards Th1 is associated with increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interferon beta-1b (IFN-β), and TNF-alpha (TNF-α), with lower levels of anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines being associated with spontaneous abortion and preterm deliveries [66]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is spontaneous abortion.