HOXA9 and ovarian carcinoma: In ovarian cancers specifically, CAFs can induce angiogenesis through the secretion of IL-6, COX-2, and CXCL1 [60], while ovarian cancer cells are reported to induce CAFs to secrete CXCL12, IL-6, and VEGF-A expression via HOXA9, leading to angiogenesis [61].