We tested CAF markers’ (positive and negative) expression pattern(s), including SMA, PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, CD31, and S100A4, TE-7, in the resected tumor samples of patients using ICC (Figure 2A–F) to evaluate their expression pattern in the tumor micro-environmental mesenchyme of the resected tumor samples obtained from the same patient whose tissue was used for the culture of CAF. Here, S100A4 is linked to neoplasm.