Specific testing can be performed in the presence of specific Abs (e.g., female patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be screened for the presence of ovarian teratoma using transvaginal US and/or MRI pelvis/abdomen as first screening, while male patients with anti-Ma2 or anti-KLHL11 should be screened for the presence of testicular tumors using US and/or CT of the pelvic region; meanwhile, FDG-PET/CT needs to be considered when retroperitoneal or mediastinal germ cell tumors are suspected) [18]. Here, PNMA2 is linked to viral encephalitis.