The analysis of BMP-7, IL-1β, and TNFα serum levels in CTS, OA, and control groups revealed no statistically significant difference, while the baseline TGF-β1 serum level differed and was significantly higher in the CTS group of patients (median value 16.36 pg/mL vs. 3.26 pg/mL in OA and 2.6 pg/mL in the control group, respectively; p < 0.0001). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is carpal tunnel syndrome.