In the multivariate analysis, neither anti-TNFα nor anti-TNFα + IMM therapy was associated with increased risk of cancer recurrence or new cancer development (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.65–1.64 and HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.75–1.99, respectively) compared to patients without any immunosuppressant therapy. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.