STAT3 and malignant pleural mesothelioma: Similarly, in malignant pleural mesothelioma, the STAT3- nuclear factor-kappa B/DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3/enhancer-binding protein beta (STAT3-NF-kB/DDIT3/CEBPβ) axis was demonstrated to regulate ALDH1A3 expression and reduce sensitivity to pemetrexed + cisplatin treatment [69].