These cytokines and growth factors are known to contribute to different aspects of tumour progression, including cell survival and proliferation (IL-6), fibroblast proliferation, and the generation of a fibrotic microenvironment (FGF-b), angiogenesis (VEGF), MM invasive migration (IL-6, HGF), recruitment and the differentiation of leukocytes to the tumour microenvironment (G-CSF, IL-8, MCP-1, MIG), and immunosuppression (IL-100 and IL-1RA). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.