These studies suggested that, although PD-L1/PD-1-dependent suppression is the primary mechanism of immune evasion in cancer, alternative mechanism of PD-L2 upregulation, may compensate once PD-L1 function is dampened [17]; PD-L2 expression may provide information beyond that of PD-L1 in predicting clinical results to targeted immunotherapy, and is a promising marker to anti-PD-1 targeted agents [8,11,12,18]. Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.