CAFs also induce acquired chemoresistance through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2/IGF receptor (IGFR)-1 paracrine pathway, which activates IGF2/AKT/Sox2/ATP-binding cassette B1 signaling and upregulation of P-glycoprotein expression in NSCLC cells [58]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.