Thus, our findings indicate that the neutralization of Gal-9 does not robustly affect the production of MCP-1 and IL-6 in a lymphocyte and monocyte-dominated environment without FLSs, even though galectins are known to be involved in a variety of immune cell modulations in arthritis [42,43,44]. The gene discussed is LGALS9; the disease is arthritic joint disease.