The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B, NF-kB, a ubiquitous transcription factor important in regulating many cytokines and chemokines, is activated in diabetes [33,34,35], and vitreous and serum of diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy have elevated levels of many inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-8 [36] and several chemokines including CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10. Here, CXCL8 is linked to diabetes mellitus.