DNA hypomethylation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy [90], and that of TNFα, TGFβ1 and MCP-1 is considered responsible for its increased expression in the serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [79]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is proliferative diabetic retinopathy.