PRKN and neoplasm: At biochemical level, Parkin deficiency reduces the levels of multiple mitochondrial proteins, including pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α1 (PDHA1), a critical enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-coenzyme A. Parkin, as a direct target of p53, contributes to enhance the oxidative metabolism and reduce the Warburg effect, playing an important tumor suppressive role [95].