There is a substantial volume of evidence that the inactivation of TP53 correlates with the malignant transformation of OPMD [15,16,17,18,19], but it is cautionary to note that only a small proportion of OPMD progresses to OSCC, despite the prevalence of p53 inactivation (>50%). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.