Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been detected in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brains of PD patients [40,41,42,43,44]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.