TNF and Parkinson disease: Also, oral administration of probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum reshaped the gut microbiota and caused an increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6 and IL-1β in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in mice [71].