CHI3L1 and cancer: Johansen and Carretta et al. [125] found that COS exerted their anti-tumorigenic effects through the inhibition of YKL-40 (also known as chitinase-3-like 1 or Chi3L1), which is a conserved, secreted chitinase-like protein (CLP) found in elevated levels in many diseases, including cancer [126,127].