In addition, recent evidence suggests that irisin plays a developmental role in regulating the process of neuronal differentiation and maturation, induces the expression of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and could exert neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative diseases, improving memory impairment and synaptic plasticity [236,237]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and neurodegenerative disease.