TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: For instance, P53 and cell cycle signaling pathways share 13 DEGs; TNF plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production synergistically with IL-1B and IL-6 [39] and is the network hub of MAPK, TLR, NLR, apoptosis, SLE, TGF-beta, and adipocytokine signaling pathways.