Milara et al. evaluated 12 IPF patients and 10 corresponding healthy lung tissues by PCR quantification, protein immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry and found that JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were upregulated in lung tissues from IPF patients [130]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.