CXCL12 and prostate cancer: CAFs are one of the most abundant stromal cell populations in the prostate cancer (reviewed by [150]) and transcriptomic profiling of the TME has identified a decrease in smooth muscle cell gene expression (e.g., desmin, calponin, αSMA) and increased mRNA expression of CAF-associated genes (e.g., vimentin, PDGFRα/β, TGFβ1/2, CD90, CXCL12, FSP1) relative to normal/benign prostate stroma [26,36,151].