Likewise, tumor promoting chemokines, such as CC ligand 2 (CCL2) and CXCL12 were differentially expressed within these six CAF subpopulations, correlating with diverse immunomodulatory functions; CCL2-positive CAFs (CAF-0s) were found to attract tumor-associated macrophages, while CXCL12-positive CAFs (CAF-1s) could attract other immune cells (e.g., mast cells, innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils), both of which ultimately contribute to development of an immunosuppressed TME in the prostate [57]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and neoplasm.