TGFB1 and prostate carcinoma: In addition, ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox4) is reported to be essential for TGFβ-mediated activation of prostate fibroblasts to a CAF-like phenotype, and inhibiting stromal Nox4 was found to suppress prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration induced by TGFβ1-activated prostate fibroblast conditioned media [209,210].