Many subpopulations of prostate CAFs express CXCL12 [26,57,77,154,247], potentially protecting prostate cancer cells from T cell mediated destruction and causing a lack of response to ICB, thus targeting CXCL12-expressing CAFs offers and exciting new treatment avenue to circumvent immune evasion and increase ICB sensitivity. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and prostate cancer.