ESR2 and prostate carcinoma: For example, co-culture experiments with human DU-145 prostate cancer cells and prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) have been shown to increase stromal TGFβ signaling and COX-2-dependent ROS production to facilitate cancer cell motility by alleviating estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)-mediated transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin [129].