AKR1C3 and prostate cancer: For instance, co-culturing human prostate cancer cells (DuCaP, LNCaP, LAPC4) as 3D spheroids with CAFs has been shown to reduce enzalutamide and bicalutamide sensitivity [5], and correlates with increased cholesterol metabolism and steroid biosynthesis in prostate cancer cells via the release of CAF-derived 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluteryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 (HMGCS2) and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) [260].