ADIPOQ and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: It exists as a multimeric complexes with different physiological activities in metabolism and immune systems, including high molecular weight complexes (HMW adiponectin) involved in airway pathophysiology: levels of adiponectin are found more elevated in patients with COPD than in controls and in exacerbated COPD than in stable COPD [26] and serum adiponectin concentrations are found positively related to deaths from respiratory causes [27].