A strain of Lactobacillus paracasei was initially isolated from the feces of an elderly Italian person, which could prevent and/or improve the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus by reduction in inflammation via the alteration of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the production of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites such as SCFAs [62] (Figure 2). Here, AKT1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.