However, there are no data on whether lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant biomarkers including the PON1 Q192R gene are associated with short- and medium-term outcomes of AIS above and beyond the effects of traditional risk factors, immune and metabolic biomarkers, and DWI and/or FLAIR MRI assessments; or whether oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers are associated with DWI stroke volume or FLAIR lesions. The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is Stroke.