HMOX1 and Cognitive impairment: For instance, some preclinical studies reported its potential effect in improving cognitive impairment, due to its capability to inhibit Aβ aggregation and tau phosphorylation, decrease pro-inflammatory protein expression, and increase Nrf2 nuclear translocation, with the consequent upregulation of HO-1, SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities [315,317].