To increase the statistical significance of the meta-analysis, data was extracted under various types of outcomes for each analysis aspect, such as “cell viability (%), relative protein expression, and collagen synthesis (%),” “cell viability (%), cell death on apoptosis (%), and tumor weight (g),” and “body weight (g), cholesterol (mg/dL), triglyceride (mg/dL), glucose (mg/dL), insulin (ng/mL)” for the anti-aging, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects, respectively. Here, INS is linked to cancer.